In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. The first commercial implementation of C++ was released in October of the same year. In 1985, the first edition of The C++ Programming Language was released, which became the definitive reference for the language, as there was not yet an official standard. The idea of providing an output operator rather than a named output function was suggested by Doug McIlroy (who had previously suggested Unix pipes). In 1984, Stroustrup implemented the first stream input/output library. Furthermore, Stroustrup developed a new, standalone compiler for C++, Cfront. New features were added, including virtual functions, function name and operator overloading, references, constants, type-safe free-store memory allocation (new/delete), improved type checking, and BCPL style single-line comments with two forward slashes ( //). In 1982, Stroustrup started to develop a successor to C with Classes, which he named "C++" ( ++ being the increment operator in C) after going through several other names. A quiz on C++11 features being given in Paris in 2015 Initially, Stroustrup's "C with Classes" added features to the C compiler, Cpre, including classes, derived classes, strong typing, inlining and default arguments. As well as C and Simula's influences, other languages also influenced this new language, including ALGOL 68, Ada, CLU and ML. C was chosen because it was general-purpose, fast, portable and widely used. Remembering his PhD experience, Stroustrup set out to enhance the C language with Simula-like features. When Stroustrup started working in AT&T Bell Labs, he had the problem of analyzing the UNIX kernel with respect to distributed computing. Stroustrup found that Simula had features that were very helpful for large software development, but the language was too slow for practical use, while BCPL was fast but too low-level to be suitable for large software development. The motivation for creating a new language originated from Stroustrup's experience in programming for his PhD thesis. In 1979, Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist, began work on " C with Classes", the predecessor to C++. History Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++, in his AT&T New Jersey office, c. Since 2012, C++ has been on a three-year release schedule with C++23 as the next planned standard. Before the initial standardization in 1998, C++ was developed by Stroustrup at Bell Labs since 1979 as an extension of the C language he wanted an efficient and flexible language similar to C that also provided high-level features for program organization. The current C++20 standard supersedes these with new features and an enlarged standard library. The C++ programming language was initially standardized in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998, which was then amended by the C++03, C++11, C++14, and C++17 standards. Ĭ++ is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the latest standard version ratified and published by ISO in December 2020 as ISO/IEC 14882:2020 (informally known as C++20). e-commerce, web search, or databases), and performance-critical applications (e.g. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, including desktop applications, video games, servers (e.g. Ĭ++ was designed with systems programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems in mind, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, and IBM. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time modern C++ currently has object-oriented, generic, and functional features, in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. GCC, LLVM Clang, Microsoft Visual C++, Embarcadero C++Builder, Intel C++ Compiler, IBM XL C++, EDGĪda, ALGOL 68, BCPL, C, CLU, F#, ML, Mesa, Modula-2, Simula, Smalltalk Īda 95, C#, C99, Carbon, Chapel, Clojure, D, Java, JS++, Lua, Nim, Objective-C++, Perl, PHP, Python, Rust, Seed7Ĭ++ ( / ˈ s iː p l ʌ s p l ʌ s/, pronounced " C plus plus" and sometimes abbreviated as CPP) is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. Static, strong, nominative, partially inferred
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